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Your 2-Year-Old: Talking the Talk

2017年07月25日
公開
72

Talking the Talk Your child may be using only the most basic words, or he may be stringing together sentences already. Both are normal at this age. First sentences tend to be brief, but they get the point across and are exciting to hear. Help your child internalize sentence structure by repeating his words in full sentences. When he says, "Mommy! Shoes! Me!" you can echo back, "Oh, you want me to help you put your shoes on? Okay, come here!" Your 2-year-old now Your preschooler's vocabulary is on its way to becoming dictionary-thick. The typical 24-month-old knows about 50 to 75 words and is working the next big milestone: stringing them together into phrases and sentences. Two-word noun-verb sentences are typical at 2: "baby sleep" and "want milk." He'll probably begin expressing himself in longer sentences as the year goes by. If your child uses fewer than 20 words, he should be tested for hearing problems. First sentences tend to be short (two to three words) and to the point: "Mommy help." "Play ball Daddy." Or a preschooler may echo a group of words she hears often, like "Go bye-bye" or "All gone." Some ways to encourage your 2-year-old to speak in sentences: Expand on her bare-bones phrases in your reply: "You want Mommy to help you put your sock on." "Okay, Daddy will play ball with Lucy." Don't correct her grammar. Casually repeat the sentence using the right words, but it's way too early to point out mistakes. Don't insist your child repeat a full, proper sentence. Prompting, "Can you say, 'Mommy, help me with my sock?'" only disrupts the flow and frustrates your child. Read often in an interactive way, asking your child questions about what he sees on the page or what he thinks will happen next. Your life now If you're feeling like the clutter around your house is growing right along with your child, you're not alone. Not only do preschoolers continue to acquire toys at an alarming rate, but more and more those toys – blocks, puzzles, car collections – come with multiple parts, which preschoolers love to dump out and mix up. Individual bins for each type of toy can help keep things organized. (Empty diaper-wipe boxes are an inexpensive way to keep track of smaller parts.) Save yourself clean-up time by putting out only one or two bins of toys at a time. This keeps the toys more interesting – and the floor tidier, too.

Your 22-month-old: Week 4

2017年05月25日
公開
63

When your toddler whines for something, you may be tempted to cave in just to make him stop. But it's best to hold your ground – if you can show your toddler that whining won't get him anywhere, he's more likely to try other ways of communicating. When you hear your child whining, gently point it out to him and ask him to use his regular voice. Toddlers don't always know what whining is, and they may not be able to recognize it. Your toddler now Toddler toys Wondering what kind of toys to give your child for his upcoming birthday? Whatever you choose, be sure to check the boxes or labels to confirm that every item is safe for the under-3 crowd. Toys labeled for age 3 and up pose a choking hazard or other risks to younger children. (See more tips for toy safety.) Here are some ideas to get you started: Toys that let kids pretend: play cash registers, brooms and dustpans, phones, toy dishes, toy food, dress-up clothes, trucks, trains and cars, dolls and doll strollers and cradles Toys to manipulate: dolls with buttons and zippers, blocks of all types, the toddler version of colorful plastic building bricks Action toys: ride-on vehicles, wagons, balls, climbing structures, carts Musical toys: Drums, tambourines, xylophones, cymbals Books: Your child can never have too many! I have everyone in the family put their dirty socks right into their own little zip-up mesh laundry bag. That way the socks all go in the wash together and come out together in their bags and are easy to pair up. - Jeannette Body talk Pee or wee or tinkle? Poop or BM? Every family chooses its own lingo for potty training. Choose the words that feel natural to you or that your child's daycare uses (to avoid confusion). As for what you call the body parts involved, some families introduce words such as "penis" and "vagina" from the beginning while others choose to wait. Eventually you'll want your child to learn the official names for body parts, whether you use them with each other or not.

Your 7-Year-Old: A scaredy-cat around dogs?

2016年09月29日
公開
69

A scaredy-cat around dogs? A scratch from a cat, a dog's loud and sudden bark, or a bee sting may be quickly forgotten. But for some kids, these can quickly escalate into major fears. The best way to fight fear of animals is through education and exposure. Teaching your child to be a careful observer can also help prevent fears from taking root in the first place. Your 7-year-old now Most young kids love animals. But even future veterinarians sometimes develop aversions to certain types of critters. A fear of dogs and a fear of bugs are two anxieties that sometimes develop suddenly in children this age, usually after an unfortunate encounter. Empathy and desensitizing your child are the best ways to deal. Some fears may persist into the early elementary years. Here's some advice for handling two of the most common: Fear of dogs: Don't push your child to be around dogs. Instead, acknowledge the fear: "I know that big dog is scary to you. I'll hold your hand when we walk past." Expose her gradually to the canine world, beginning with books about dogs and a visit to a pet shop where she can see them without touching them, and working up to visiting a friend's puppy and then another older well-behaved dog. Expect this to be a long process. Fear of bugs: Same idea. Don't belittle the fear, empathize with it. Often a scary or painful encounter with a bug is at the root of this fear. Casually and slowly make references to other insects in the books you read or while taking a walk or visiting a nature museum. Don't make a big deal out of her obsession with the insect she fears (whether it's a spider, a bee, or even an ant). The calmer you are, the more at ease she will begin to be about bugs of all types. Your life now What's a good route to boosting your child's self-esteem? Praise moderately but offer encouragement in abundance. Overdoing the praise makes it sound hollow even to your child. She may get the message that she's only "good" in your eyes when she's perfect. Save praise for specific and truly exceptional behaviors. Encouragement, on the other hand, is something a kid can't hear enough of. "Do you think you can reach that next bar? Go ahead! Try!" or "I bet you can pour the milk by yourself."

Your 7-Year-Old: How to make errands fun

2016年09月06日
公開
58

How to make errands fun Your child speaks well, can behave in public (more often than not), and is often a charming companion. Still, don't make the mistake of expecting too much from him if your to-do list is a mile long and he must be dragged along. When it comes to errands, 7-year-olds still have their limits. Timing and a positive outlook are key. Your 7-year-old now What's the trick to getting through errands peacefully and without breaking anything if you have an antsy child in tow? Play off your child's developmental abilities. Explain the plan before you head out. Sevens like to know what to expect. Try to stick as closely to the plan as you can. Plan wisely. Tired, hungry 7-year-olds are much like tired, hungry toddlers. Keep your expectations realistic. You may only be able to get through one critical errand on a given outing, not three or four. Rather than telling him what he's not allowed to do, explain what he can do: Keep your hands on the shopping cart. Use an inside voice. Stay where I can see you. Hold my hand in the parking lot. Keep him busy. Maybe he can search for a product for you or carry the list. Ask him to count how many of something he sees. Engage with him — don't ignore him and chat on your cell. Reward good behavior. Praise and attention count just as much as tangible rewards. Let your child know that when he's misbehaving, you can't talk to him, but you will when he quits the annoying behavior (whining, for example). Promise to spend some playtime together after the errand if he does really well. Your life now Do you know how to accept a compliment gracefully? You're not alone if your knee-jerk response is to grimace or protest. But doing so sets a bad example for your child and sends the message that you don't really deserve the praise. Don't be surprised if your child then reacts the same way when you compliment something he's done. Better to smile and say thanks, I appreciate it.

Your 7-Year-Old: Nipping a nail-biting habit

2016年08月13日
公開
57

Nipping a nail-biting habit Second graders are famous for hair twirling, shirt gnawing, lip biting, and nail biting. These are mainly nervous tics, and your child is probably not aware she's doing them. Even kids who don't seem to be the nervous type are grappling with many new experiences, socially and academically, that feed a high-strung energy. How to dissuade such habits? Gently. Your 7-year-old now Hmmm, have you noticed you haven't needed to trim your child's nails lately? Nail biting is an annoying but all-too-common behavior among second graders. Some flexible kids even manage to gnaw off their toenails. (Eww!) Aside from the gross factor, nail biting is a bad habit because of the germs your child can ingest. When you're dealing with a behavior like this, it helps to understand why kids do it. Nervousness is the main reason; there's a lot of stress involved in growing up, even if your child doesn't talk about it or outwardly show it in other ways. To clip the habit: Don't nag. Many kids aren't even aware they're doing it. Better: Set limits, like no nail biting at the table. Develop a secret signal, like tapping your fingers on the table, whenever you see her biting her nails — this can help draw her attention to it. Some girls kick the habit after being allowed to wear nail polish. (Others, alas, add polish to the list of questionable substances they ingest by biting.) Your life now Does your child run outside in winter without hat or gloves, or resist the sunhat you thoughtfully provide come summer? Let it go — to a point. While you can provide the items and issue the reminders, you can't hover over your child every moment to make sure she's warm and safe. Make a rule about putting on sunscreen before heading to the beach but don't expect her to reapply without being told. Going hatless or mittenless in winter probably won't harm your child — if she's cold, she'll remember.

Your 7-Year-Old: Fun breaks from screen time

2016年08月06日
公開
61

Fun breaks from screen time Let's face it: The computer, game system, and TV have become standard features of American childhood. A few stalwart parents avoid them altogether. More decide that they do offer kids many benefits and are hard to avoid forever. If you allow your child to watch TV and use a computer or video-game system, it's wise to monitor daily consumption. And sometimes it's good to just unplug for a while. Your 7-year-old now In need of some alternatives to tempt your child away from the TV or computer screen? Try these: Initiate some pretend play. Your child is still young enough to be tempted by a tea party, teddy bear picnic, circus, or secret mission. And he'll be delighted by having Mom or Dad join in his play. Play story games. Start a make-believe story (maybe starring your child). Spin the tale to a cliffhanger and then make it his turn to continue the saga. Go back and forth. Rely on old standbys. Buy a large bucket of sidewalk chalk in many different colors and set him loose on the driveway or back patio. Buy or make soap bubbles. Compare how different the bubbles look when blown through a straw or with kitchen implements like strawberry baskets, sieves, and rubber bands. Hunt for metal. Buy an inexpensive metal detector (available at toy stores) and show your child how to make it work. Provide a spade to dig up the potential treasure. Your life now Have you donated blood lately? You're eligible if you weigh at least 110 pounds, are in good health, haven't had a piercing or tattoo in the last 12 months, and meet a short list of other criteria. For a full list of requirements, ask at your local Red Cross or visit their website.

Your 7-Year-Old: Your own kitchen classroom

2016年07月22日
公開
63

Your own kitchen classroom Most kids love to cook. And why not? When you think about it, cooking is a process that echoes many of the skills second graders are learning in school, primarily in math and science. Messing around in the kitchen, whether you're making pancakes or a fancy dinner, is a great way to spend time together while reinforcing school lessons. The results are fun to share with the rest of the family, too. Your 7-year-old now Outside of school, what's one of the best classrooms for your child? Your kitchen! Cooking together reinforces the math and reading lessons your child is learning at school. It's not hard to see how cooking teaches math. Your child can already count and write numbers up to 100 and do simple addition and subtraction problems. But cooking can teach many other concepts: Fractions. When the recipe calls for 1/2 cup and you double or halve the recipe, how much will you need? Measuring. Have your child pick the correct measuring spoons and cups for you. Which is bigger — 1/2 or 3/4 cup? Let him measure the size of the pan you're using. Estimating and volume. Will two cans of soup fit into the saucepan he chose? Time. The cookies bake for ten minutes, and they've been in for five. How much time is left? What time will it be then? The best part about cooking with your child? At the end of these lessons, you have something yummy to share. Your life now Is your child old enough to be left home alone when you run out for an errand? Most experts say no. And some states set a minimum age at which children may be left unsupervised. Even if your 7-year-old is mature for his age, he's probably not old enough to be capable of handling safety emergencies if something goes wrong.

Your 7-Year-Old: How to make sick days saner

2016年07月13日
公開
63

How to make sick days saner By first and second grade, kids tend to get sick less often than they did when they were younger and vulnerable to every new virus that was passed along by unwashed hands at preschool. But illness will strike. When it does, try to make the experience a pleasant one, bringing her soup on a tray or reading to her till she falls asleep. Tempting as it may be, don't lie about how medicines taste or whether shots will hurt; these are opportunities to build trust. 是的!上了小學後,小馨的確感冒次數減少,不過下學期還是有一次請病假,因為她發燒了!記得這次發燒也只持續一個晚上到早上,小馨在家裡休息了一個上午的時間,下午就到安親班報到啦!那次發燒還很擔心傳染給不到一歲的妹妹,幸好一切都安然度過! Your 7-year-old now Being sick is no fun, and neither is having a sick child. Some ways to make it better: Be honest about whether a shot will hurt or medicine will taste "kind of icky." Explain the reason for the medicine. Distract your child by involving her in making a decision about it: Do you want to sit on my lap or in the chair when you get the shot? Would you rather have the medicine in a spoon or a cup? Model confidence and calm. If you show that you're worried, it'll just alarm your child. Don't push foods. Sick kids often lose their appetite. Your child won't starve if she barely eats for a few days. When she's feeling better her appetite will return. Do encourage her to drink some fluids. Make it pleasant. Set up a nest for your child on the sofa to provide a change of scenery during the day. Let her watch more TV than usual; even though she can read now, she may not feel like it. Or buy a special quiet toy or activity book to pass the time. Your life now If your child doesn't already have her own library card, take her to get one. Kids love the sense of ownership and belonging that come with having a card. Use it regularly by visiting the library every week or two. Let your child wander through the children's section on her own looking for books. She may be more likely to read things she's chosen all by herself. Of course, do make suggestions occasionally, too, to expand her horizons.

Your 7-Year-Old: Learning to be a good sport

2016年07月06日
公開
59

Learning to be a good sport Seven-year-olds are good sports, especially compared with their younger counterparts. Less rigid in their thinking, they're able to hold various points of view in their mind at one time. Their improved perspective on time means they can appreciate that "sometimes you win, sometimes you lose." This makes them less inclined to cheat or lie in order to win at all costs. Playing card games and board games provides good practice for this new ability. Your 7-year-old now Everybody likes to win. But when your child loses at a game now — and it's inevitable that he will — he's a much better sport about it. Seven-year-olds have a keener understanding of the concept that there are winners and losers, and people take turns at each. As your child becomes less rigid about inventing and sticking to rules, he becomes easier to play with, for grownups and peers alike. Cheating and other deceits are not as prominent as they were just a year ago. You may also notice a general decline in lying and fibbing. Your child is better able to handle mistakes and losses. Games that are more complicated appeal now, such as the old classics Mousetrap, Connect Four, and Monopoly. Even though digital versions of all these games exist, invest in the "old-fashioned" board versions. Physically manipulating game pieces and money helps your child learn better. Your life now Even if your child is reading pretty well on his own, don't give up on reading to him. It allows you to expose him to material that's slightly more challenging (it's easier to hear and comprehend big words and longer sentences than it is to read them yourself). And the shared time is still important. So if reading has always been part of your bedtime ritual, stick with it. Or make time after school or on weekends. Ideally, encourage your child to read a book to you, and then take a turn reading to him. Some kids are ready to hear longer series-type books, like Little House on the Prairie, by Laura Ingalls Wilder. And they may enjoy illustrated classics, which feature complex stories with an illustration on every page to look at while you read, advancing comprehension.

Your 7-Year-Old: What if? What if? What if?

2016年06月29日
公開
67

What if? What if? What if? Now able to move beyond literal thinking and imagine other possibilities, your child spends a great deal of time pondering the "what ifs" of life. Some kids get so snagged on this question that it becomes a bit annoying. But when you reframe it as the sign of a bright, scientific mind, it's much easier to bear – even if you don't always have the answers. Your 7-year-old now "What if?" is a favorite question of second graders: "What if the road ended around the next curve?" "What if I threw this ball up to the top of that tree?" "What if we saved the hail in the freezer?" There's a reason for all this curiosity. Your child is aware that circumstances and conditions can change. In a way, she's tossing out scientific hypotheses and figuring out the plausible possibilities. Science is fun at this age. Second graders love to conduct experiments, make observations, and record their findings. Teachers help them do this in school, but you can create simple science projects at home, too. Track the phases of the moon on a chart for a month. What happens? Place a cup of juice in the freezer and monitor how long it takes to freeze; how long will it then take to thaw? Fuel your child's interests with library books. These might seem above her level, but if you read them together she can expand her understanding of the scientific concepts that interest her, such as geology, dinosaurs, and space. Look up the answers to questions you don't know online. See if there's a local museum you can visit to strike while the iron of interest is hot. Your life now Are evenings often rushed at your house? One way to connect with your child is to take her out to breakfast sometimes. She'll enjoy the attention and you'll both start your day in a special way. Bonus: It's generally a cheaper meal than dinner.

Your 7-Year-Old: Dodging gender stereotypes(閃躲性別刻板印象)

2016年06月13日
公開
48

Dodging gender stereotypes Adhering to gender expectations is partly a survival tool for young kids. It helps them identify with their own gender and feel like they fit in socially. There's nothing wrong with this; in fact, it's healthy for your child's social development. At the same time, you can help her rise above stereotyping by showing her examples that contradict old stereotypes, such as pointing out female athletes and male nurses. 秉承性別預期部分是對年幼的孩子一個生存工具,這樣可以幫助孩子門認清自己的性別並且融入社群,但同時也可以舉一些反差的例子,來告訴孩子一些舊時的觀念,例如有男護士、女運動員...跳脫性別的差異。 Your 7-year-old now Girls tend to hang out with other girls in small groups, giggling and whispering. Boys tend to gravitate to other boys and engage in more physical play. Kids may repeat stereotyped generalities: “Girls are sissies” and “Boys are stupid.” Some children are embarrassed if they don't conform to the gender standards set by peers. 這個時期小馨的確比較跟女生玩在一起,在小學或在安親班,都會跟女生一起玩,在學校下課時間玩「鬼抓人」、「牆壁鬼」的遊戲,在安親班寫完功課後,則跟Chloe、Clair一起畫畫... Your child is not really as rigid as she seems, however. Going with the flow helps her fit in and define her gender. Nevertheless, you may want to encourage a broader perspective to make sure she doesn't become limited by these attitudes. Make sure your child sees men and women in many roles — female basketball players, stay-at-home dads, female doctors, male chefs. Don't play into stereotypes, especially negative ones, by saying things like “Big boys don't cry.” 要確認你的小孩知道男生、女生可以有很多不同角色:女的棒球員、家庭主夫、女醫生、男廚師,注意不要將刻板印象加到小孩的認知裡,例如男生不哭... Whatever your child's gender, have a variety of toys and props available that support all kinds of play: active (balls), creative (art supplies), and sensitive (dolls and dress-up clothes). Use the media to stimulate discussions about stereotypes and to teach respect. Invite kids of the opposite gender over to play. Be a good role model. Do you wrestle more with your son and draw quietly with your daughter? Mix it up. 可以邀請不同性別的小孩到家裡玩,不要只跟兒子完摔角遊戲、只跟女兒安靜地畫畫,可以混合一起玩。 Your life now Some families set aside one night a week as Family Night. The idea is to avoid scheduling outside activities at this special time. It can be as simple as ordering pizza and watching a movie every Friday. Some families have the children write down possibilities (within reason) and draw one out of a hat each week.

Your 7-Year-Old: Why routines still matter

2016年05月29日
公開
53

Why routines still matter Routines aren't only for babies and toddlers. As your child enters the primary grades, her life is full of baffling and sometimes scary new experiences. Home becomes a rock, a base of security. By sticking to predictable routines, you provide comfort she can draw on all day long. You boost her confidence, too. Having a routine she can count on helps her feel smart, because she knows what will happen next. Your 7-year-old now Sevens are often fond of order and routine. At this age your child has a pretty accurate sense of time and prides herself on knowing the flow of events at school, at home, and among different family members. She knows that there's a sequence of events that occur in order to get ready to go to school in the morning. At school, she's familiar with the rhythm of the day: welcome announcements, writing lessons, math lessons, lunch, recess, story time, and so forth. Elementary school teachers usually order their day predictably to use their pupils' love of consistency to help them progress more calmly through the lessons. You can take advantage of this tendency at home by sticking to a relatively consistent routine both morning and evening. Wake your child up at the same time every day. (It's okay to sleep in on weekends, but not so much that bedtime disintegrates and your child finds it hard to wake up come Monday.) Establish rules based on predictability: no breakfast until you get dressed, for example. Always leave shoes in a certain place. This will make mornings go more smoothly. Your life now You'll notice that your child will start bringing endless amounts of paperwork home from school. The volume may make you roll your eyes, but in the pile may be notes from the teacher about class events, permission slips, and other info you don't want to miss. Start a habit of checking for and going through your child's papers at the same time every day. It can be as soon as she comes home, or in the evening when you're packing the next day's lunch — whatever works best for you.

Your 7-Year-Old: The jokester in the house

2016年05月22日
公開
55

The jokester in the house "Knock knock." "Who's there?" "Who." "Who who?" "I didn't know you talked like an owl!" Jokes that rely on word puns or other forms of wordplay are music to the ears of a young 7-year-old. Credit more sophisticated language skills and an eagerness to see the merry side of things. This makes your child delightful to be around – provided you can muster the patience for 20 consecutive knock-knock jokes. (He's persistent, too.) 這個階段的小孩會講笑話了!而且是利用他們愈來愈精熟的語言程度說笑話,當然,大多數的笑話都是他們自己笑得樂不可支,大人覺得其實不好笑,不過我們也會應景,融入小孩的笑話。小馨會講很多類似的笑話,多半都是聽來的,像「腦筋急轉彎」的謎語、押韻的歌謠,like星期一,猴子穿新衣....喝酒喝到馬英九...也有很多是她自己想出來的,總之,只要家裡充滿姐姐的笑聲,家中熱鬧多了! Your 7-year-old now A quick mind and advanced appreciation for wordplay mean that your child's sense of humor is terrific. Jokes he tells now actually make sense. And they're often told again and again because the payoff — your laughter and his sense of accomplishment — is so great. Among the forms of humor popular now: Silly wordplay. Dr. Seuss books, with their rhymes and absurdities, are particular favorites at this age, not least because your child can now read them to himself. Riddle books. Bennett Cerf's Book of Riddles ("Why did the boy throw a clock out the window? He wanted to see if time flies.") is a classic for good reason. Magic. Your child may enjoy learning some basic tricks or be fascinated by magicians. 唉啊!沒錯喔!小馨現在會自己變簡單魔術,前幾天還表演不純熟的「大拇指折斷了」的魔術給我看.... Movies with silly characters. Bumbling crooks and funny sidekicks appeal because they make your child feel smarter and more mature. Your life now Here's the secret to smoother playdates: Limit them to two kids at a time. Group play is wonderful and obviously has a place in your child's life. But when your child just wants to have a friend over for a few hours, things almost always go more smoothly with one than with three or four. When there are three, triangles often form: Two want to do some thing together and the third is left out. Or arguments ensue, especially when there's more than one alpha personality in the group. That means you're more liable to have to stop what you're doing and intervene or referee. 三個人來我們家玩嗎?現在還沒有這種情形,不過三個人玩會造成一個人容易left out狀況。 小馨現在還是很需要有同伴一起玩,畢竟跟妹妹還是差了很多歲,妹妹現在會想要摸摸姐姐的玩具,但姐姐會抗議....我們只好將妹妹抱走啦!

Your 7-Year-Old: Showing a sporty side

2016年05月13日
公開
55

Showing a sporty side Physical activity helps kids refine their motor skills, and this year you'll see that your child's balance and accuracy in skills like throwing or kicking a ball are much improved. That said, this is the age when differences in ability grow more apparent. Generally, kids who have lots of opportunity to be active develop better physical skills than kids who run around less. Your 7-year-old now During this year the typical kid will show great physical prowess. She can throw or kick a ball accurately, skip and gallop, and show mastery in balancing when hopping or riding a bicycle. Hand-eye coordination is very good, and she can run fast and turn or stop accurately and without falling. Differences in physical skill level among peers will become more obvious, depending on two things: 1) innate natural physical talents and 2) amount of practice. Kids who are generally active tend to be more physically capable than sedentary children. Monitor screen time carefully and find low-pressure athletic activities for your child, such as swimming or skiing lessons, a tumbling class, or regular playground outings. Make outdoor play part of your child's day. At first you may hear "there's nothing to do!" but it's remarkable what an inventive little mind can come up with. Your life now Stop doing all the thinking for your child. It's a good time to learn that actions can have consequences — not in terms of discipline and punishment, but in everyday life. If your child leaves her bike in the backyard instead of parking it in the garage, it will get wet. Don't bring it in for her. If she forgets her homework for the third day in a row, don't bring it to her at school; let her face the teacher on her own. It's called "learning the hard way," and it does a great job of teaching responsibility.