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Christine

Christine

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chickenpox(水痘)

2006年10月18日
公開
9

Chickenpox is a common illness among kids, particularly those under age 12. An itchy rash of spots that look like blisters can appear all over the body and may be accompanied by flu-like symptoms. Symptoms usually go away without treatment, but because the infection is very contagious, an infected child should stay home and rest until the symptoms are gone. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Kids can be protected from VZV by getting the chickenpox vaccine, usually between the ages of 12 to 18 months, though sometimes the vaccine is given to older kids, teens, and adults. A person usually has only one episode of chickenpox, but VZV can lie dormant within the body and cause a different type of skin eruption later in life called shingles (or herpes zoster). Getting the chickenpox vaccine significantly lowers your child's chances of getting chickenpox, but he or she may still develop shingles later. Symptoms of Chickenpox Chickenpox causes a red, itchy rash on the skin that usually appears first on the abdomen or back and face, and then spreads to almost everywhere else on the body, including the scalp, mouth, nose, ears, and genitals. The rash begins as multiple small, red bumps that look like pimples or insect bites. They develop into thin-walled blisters filled with clear fluid, which becomes cloudy. The blister wall breaks, leaving open sores, which finally crust over to become dry, brown scabs. Chickenpox blisters are usually less than a quarter of an inch wide, have a reddish base, and appear in bouts over 2 to 4 days. The rash may be more extensive or severe in kids who have skin disorders such as eczema. Some children have a fever, abdominal pain, sore throat, headache, or a vague sick feeling a day or 2 before the rash appears. These symptoms may last for a few days, and fever stays in the range of 100°–102° Fahrenheit (37.7°–38.8° Celsius), though in rare cases may be higher. Younger kids often have milder symptoms and fewer blisters than older children or adults. Typically, chickenpox is a mild illness, but can affect some infants, teens, adults, and people with weak immune systems more severely. Some people can develop serious bacterial infections involving the skin, lungs, bones, joints, and the brain (encephalitis). Even kids with normal immune systems can occasionally develop complications, most commonly a skin infection near the blisters. Anyone who has had chickenpox (or the chickenpox vaccine) as a child is at risk for developing shingles later in life, and up to 20% do. After an infection, VZV can remain inactive in nerve cells near the spinal cord and reactivate later as shingles, which can cause tingling, itching, or pain followed by a rash with red bumps and blisters. Shingles is sometimes treated with antiviral drugs, steroids, and pain medications, and in May 2006 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a vaccine to prevent shingles in people 60 and older. Contagiousness Chickenpox is contagious from about 2 days before the rash appears and lasts until all the blisters are crusted over. A child with chickenpox should be kept out of school until all blisters have dried, usually about 1 week. If you're unsure about whether your child is ready to return to school, ask your doctor. Chickenpox is very contagious — most kids with a sibling who's been infected will get it as well, showing symptoms about 2 weeks after the first child does. To help keep the virus from spreading, make sure your kids wash their hands frequently, particularly before eating and after using the bathroom. And keep a child with chickenpox away from unvaccinated siblings as much as possible. People who haven't had chickenpox also can catch it from someone with shingles, but they cannot catch shingles itself. That's because shingles can only develop from a reactivation of VZV in someone who has previously had chickenpox. Chickenpox and Pregnancy Pregnant women and anyone with immune system problems should not be near a person with chickenpox. If a pregnant woman who hasn't had chickenpox in the past contracts it (especially in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy), the fetus is at risk for birth defects and she is at risk for more health complications than if she'd been infected when she wasn't pregnant. If she develops chickenpox just before or after the child is born, the newborn is at risk for serious health complications. There is no risk to the developing baby if the woman develops shingles during the pregnancy. If a pregnant woman has had chickenpox before the pregnancy, the baby will be protected from infection for the first few months of life, since the mother's immunity gets passed on to the baby through the placenta and breast milk. Those at risk for severe disease or serious complications — such as newborns whose mothers had chickenpox at the time of delivery, patients with leukemia or immune deficiencies, and kids receiving drugs that suppress the immune system — may be given varicella zoster immune globulin after exposure to chickenpox to reduce its severity. Preventing Chickenpox Doctors recommend that kids receive the chickenpox vaccine when they are 12 to 18 months old. The vaccine is about 70% to 85% effective at preventing mild infection, and more than 95% effective in preventing moderate to severe forms of the infection. Although the vaccine works pretty well, some kids who are immunized still will get chickenpox. Those who do, though, will have much milder symptoms than those who haven't had the vaccine and become infected. Healthy children who have had chickenpox do not need the vaccine — they usually have lifelong protection against the illness. Treating Chickenpox A virus causes chickenpox, so your child's doctor won't prescribe antibiotics. However, antibiotics may be required if the sores become infected by bacteria. This is pretty common among kids because they often scratch and pick at the blisters. The antiviral medicine acyclovir may be prescribed for people with chickenpox who are at risk for complications. The drug, which can make the infection less severe, must be given within the first 24 hours after the rash appears. Acyclovir can have significant side effects, so it is only given when necessary. Your doctor can tell you if the medication is right for your child. Dealing With the Discomfort of Chickenpox You can help relieve the itchiness, fever, and discomfort of chickenpox by: Using cool wet compresses or giving baths in cool or lukewarm water every 3 to 4 hours for the first few days. Oatmeal baths, available at the supermarket or pharmacy, can help to relieve itching. (Baths do not spread chickenpox.) Patting (not rubbing) the body dry. Putting calamine lotion on itchy areas (but don't use it on the face, especially near the eyes). Giving your child foods that are cold, soft, and bland because chickenpox in the mouth may make drinking or eating difficult. Avoid feeding your child anything highly acidic or especially salty, like orange juice or pretzels. Asking your doctor or pharmacist about pain-relieving creams to apply to sores in the genital area. Giving your child acetaminophen regularly to help relieve pain if your child has mouth blisters. Asking the doctor about using over-the-counter medication for itching. Never use aspirin to reduce pain or fever in children with chickenpox because aspirin has been associated with the serious disease Reye syndrome, which can lead to liver failure and even death. As much as possible, discourage kids from scratching. This can be difficult for them, so consider putting mittens or socks on your child's hands to prevent scratching during sleep. In addition, trim fingernails and keep them clean to help lessen the effects of scratching, including broken blisters and infection. Most chickenpox infections require no special medical treatment. But sometimes, there are problems. Call the doctor if your child: has fever that lasts for more than 4 days or rises above 102° Fahrenheit (38.8° Celsius) has a severe cough or trouble breathing has an area of rash that leaks pus (thick, discolored fluid) or becomes red, warm, swollen, or sore has a severe headache is unusually drowsy or has trouble waking up has trouble looking at bright lights has difficulty walking seems confused seems very ill or is vomiting has a stiff neck Call your doctor if you think your child has chickenpox, if you have a question, or if you're concerned about a possible complication. The doctor can guide you in watching for complications and in choosing medication to relieve itching. When taking your child to the doctor, let the office know in advance that your child might have chickenpox. It's important to ensure that other kids in the office are not exposed — for some of them, a chickenpox infection could cause severe complications. 水痘是共同的病症在孩子, 特別那些之中 在年齡12 之下。看起來像水泡斑點的痒的疹出現到處身體, 也許伴隨流感像症狀。症狀通常走開沒有治療, 但因為傳染是非常傳染性的, 一個被傳染的 孩子應該停留家和休息直到症狀去。 水痘由水痘zoster 病毒 造成(VZV) 。孩子可能被保護 免受VZV 由得到水痘疫苗, 通常在12 個到18 個月之間的年齡, 雖然疫苗有時被給 更老的孩子、十幾歲, 和成人。 人通常有只水痘一個情節, 但VZV 可能說謊休眠在身體之內和以後導致另外類型皮膚爆發在生活叫的木瓦(或herpes zoster) 。得到水痘疫苗極大降低您的得到 水痘的兒童的機會, 但他或她也許 仍然開發木瓦以後。 水痘症狀 水痘導致紅色, 痒的疹在通常出現首先在腹部或後面和面孔的皮膚, 並且然後傳播對幾乎到處在身體, 包括頭皮、嘴、鼻子、耳朵, 和陰部。 疹開始作為看起來像丘疹或昆蟲叮咬的多小, 紅色爆沸。他們顯現出成薄壁水泡用純淨流體被填裝, 變得多雲。水泡牆壁打破, 留下開放痛處, 最後用硬皮覆蓋成為乾燥, 棕色斑點病。 水痘水泡通常是較少比一四分之一英寸寬, 有一個帶紅色基地, 和出現在回合2 到4 天。疹也許是廣泛或嚴厲的在有皮膚混亂譬如eczema 的孩子。 一些孩子有熱病, 胃腸痛苦, 疼痛喉頭, 頭疼, 或一個隱晦的病殘感覺一天或2 在疹之前出現。這些症狀也許持續幾天, 並且熱病停留在100. 102. 華氏(–37.7. 的範圍–38.8. 攝氏), 在罕見的案件也許雖則是更高的。小孩經常有更加溫和的症狀和少的水泡比大孩子或成人。 典型地, 水痘是溫和的病症, 但可能更加嚴厲地 影響某些嬰兒、十幾歲、成人, 和人民以微弱的免疫系統。某些人民 能開發嚴肅的細菌傳染介入皮膚、肺、骨頭、聯接, 和腦子(腦炎) 。孩子以正常免疫系統能最共同地偶爾地開發複雜化, 皮膚傳染在水泡附近。 任何人有水痘(或水痘疫苗) 當孩子是在危險中為以後開發木瓦在生活中, 和20% 。在傳染以後, VZV 可能保留不活潑在神經細胞裡在脊髓附近和以後恢復活動作為木瓦, 可能導致發痛, 發痒, 或痛苦被疹跟隨與紅色爆沸和水泡。木瓦有時被對待與抗病毒藥物、類固醇, 和痛苦療程, 並且在5月2006 日糧食與藥物管理局(糧食與藥物管理局) 批准疫苗防止木瓦在人60 和更老。 Contagiousness 水痘是傳染性的從大約2 天在疹出現和持續之前直到所有水泡是生了酒垢的。一個孩子以 水痘應該被保留校外直到所有水泡烘乾了, 通常大約1 個星期。如果您是缺乏信心的是否您的孩子 準備好返回到學校, 要求您的醫生。 水痘是非常傳染性的 — 多數孩子與 被傳染將得到它, 顯示症狀的兄弟姐妹大約2 個星期在第一孩子之後。幫助保留病毒從傳播, 頻繁地保證您的孩子洗滌他們的手, 特別在吃之前和以後使用衛生間。並且保持一個 孩子以水痘去從未注射過的兄弟姐妹儘量。 沒有水痘還的人們能捉住它從某人與木瓦, 但他們無法捉住木瓦。那是因為木瓦可能只顯現出從VZV 的恢復活動在某人早先有水痘。 水痘和懷孕 孕婦和任何人以免疫系統問題不應該是在一個人附近以水痘。如果沒有水痘在過去合同它的一名孕婦(特別是在第一 20 個星期懷孕), 胎兒是在危險中為先天缺陷和她是在危險中為更多健康複雜化比如果她被傳染了當她不懷孕。如果她開發水痘在或在孩子是出生之後之前, 新出生是在危險中為嚴肅的健康複雜化。沒有風險對顯現出的嬰孩如果婦女開發木瓦在懷孕期間。 如果一名孕婦有水痘在懷孕之前, 嬰孩將被保護免受傳染為最初的少數月生活, 因為母親的免疫得到通過對嬰孩通過胎盤和乳奶。 那些在危險中為嚴厲疾病或嚴肅的複雜化 — 譬如母親有有白血病水痘在交付之時, 病人或免疫缺乏的新出生, 和孩子接受壓制免疫系統的藥物 — 也許被給水痘zoster 免疫球蛋白在對水痘的暴露以後減少它的嚴肅。 防止水痘 醫生推薦, 孩子接受 水痘疫苗當他們是12 個到18 個月大。疫苗是大約70% 到85% 有效在防止溫和的傳染, 和超過95% 有效在防止適度對傳染的嚴厲形式。雖然 疫苗工作相當很好, 仍然免疫的一些孩子將得到水痘。那些, 雖然, 比那些將有更加溫和的症狀沒有疫苗和不成為傳染。 有水痘他們通常有終身保護反對 — 病症的健康孩子不需要疫苗。 對待水痘 病毒導致水痘, 因此您的兒童的醫生不會規定抗生素。但是, 抗生素也許必需 如果痛處成為由細菌傳染。這是相當共同在孩子之中因為他們抓和經常採摘在水泡。 抗病毒醫學acyclovir 也許為是在危險中為複雜化的人被規定以水痘。藥物, 可能使傳染較不嚴厲, 必須被給在一之內24 小時在疹出現之後。Acyclovir 可能有重大副作用, 因此它只被給如果必要。您的醫生能告訴您如果療程是不錯為您的孩子。 應付水痘難受 您能幫助免除itchiness 、熱病, 和難受水痘: 使用涼快弄濕壓縮或給浴在涼快或溫熱水中每3 個到4 個小時為最初的少數天。燕麥粥浴, 可利用在超級市場或藥房, 可能幫助解除發痒。(巴恩不傳播水痘。) 輕拍(不摩擦) 身體乾燥。 投入calamine 化妝水在痒的區域(但不要使用它在面孔, 特別是在眼睛附近) 。 給您的孩子冷, 軟, 和平淡的食物因為水痘在嘴也許做喝或吃困難。避免餵養您的孩子任何高度酸性或特別鹹, 像橙汁或椒鹽脆餅。 詢問您的醫生或藥劑師關於痛苦解除提取乳脂適用於痛處在生殖區域。 給您的孩子acetaminophen 幫助通常解除痛苦如果您的孩子有嘴水泡。 詢問醫生關於使用不用處方的療程為發痒。 從未 使用阿斯匹靈減少痛苦或熱病對於兒童以水痘因為阿斯匹靈同嚴肅的疾病 Reye 綜合症狀聯繫在一起, 可能導致肝臟失敗和甚而死亡。 儘量, 勸阻孩子從抓。這可能是 困難的為他們, 因此考慮把mittens 或襪子放在您的兒童的手上防止抓在睡眠期間。另外, 整理指甲蓋和保持他們乾淨幫助減輕抓的作用, 包括殘破的水泡和傳染。 多數水痘傳染不要求特別藥物治療。但有時, 有問題。告訴醫生如果您的孩子: 有持續超過4 天或上升在102. 華氏之上的熱病(38.8. 攝氏) 有嚴厲咳嗽或麻煩呼吸 有漏pus 疹(濃厚, 變色的流體) 或變得紅色, 溫暖, 脹大, 或痛處的區域 有嚴厲頭疼 是異常地昏昏欲睡的或有麻煩醒 有麻煩看明亮的光 有困難走 似乎迷茫 似乎非常不適或嘔吐 有斜頸 告訴您的醫生如果您認為您的孩子有水痘, 如果您有一個問題, 或如果您關注可能的複雜化。醫生能引導您在觀看為複雜化和在選擇療程解除發痒。當把您的孩子帶對醫生, 告訴辦公室事先, 您的孩子也許有水痘。它重要保證 , 其它孩子在辦公室不被暴露 — 為有些, 水痘傳染能導致嚴厲複雜化。

Lisasa頭一天到toddler room

2006年10月17日
公開
9

睽違了三個星期的child care centre Lisasa終於從今天開始每星期二,四,五也要去學校報到了 不過媽麻這次幫她book的非之前的nursery room 而是大一班的toddler room 莫宰恙是離開了三個星期對child care centre感覺陌生了 還是依舊只想要粘著媽麻 Lisasa一到child care centre就超忐忑不安的 只要媽麻抱 不似以往那樣開心直往玩具區或遊樂設施衝衝衝滴 當媽麻跟這小娃say good-bye 並讓老師接手抱著時 Lisasa馬上放聲大哭極力想掙脫老師的懷抱 唉! 真是傷腦筋ㄚ~ 媽麻連開車到馬路上還持續聽到這小娃嚎啕大哭並尖叫的魔音呢! 下午媽麻放學後就直奔child care centre 到時小Lisasa她們班已經出來戶外七桃了 還好! 媽麻並沒有看到這小娃依舊啼啼哭哭的模樣 而是看到她逛大街的背影 媽麻先找toddler room的manager-Kirstin阿姨了解一下這小娃的狀況 阿姨說早上Lisasa哭了好一會 其實是愛睏了在番啦! 然後從9.30am睡到12.00後就脫胎換骨 有如一條活龍了 阿姨說清醒後就心情粉好了 把媽麻帶去的食物馬上吃光光 接著開始玩玩 所以應該是想睡覺在盧吧! 媽麻還在和阿姨開講的當兒 不巧小Lisasa回過頭面對媽麻 不過真是鈍目ㄚ~ 沒有馬上認出媽麻 大約直盯著媽麻看了五秒鐘吧! 才認出來 且馬上嘴一扁開始哭起來了 呵呵~ 媽麻是很不捨 不過那模樣還是超古錐的內~~ 接著母女倆再一起去pre-school room接Waynne Lisasa一入內 馬上邊喊"姐姐,姐姐"邊往Waynne的方向走去 Waynne快快起身和妹妹抱滿懷 兩人真是相親相愛ㄚ~ 好嘍! 回家看HI-5企~~

和大學同學馬bird賢伉儷共遊Long Pine Sanctuary

2006年10月11日
公開
12

媽麻大學同學"馬bird"叔叔-馬志豪和他老婆趁著中秋及雙十假期來澳旅遊 今早從Melbourne飛抵Brisbane 第一站就是到Long Pine Sanctuary參觀並用中餐 呵呵~ 難得機會 媽麻當然要來此會會同學嘍! 媽麻和馬bird叔叔大概6年沒碰到面了吧! 還好~ 兩人都沒啥大變 馬bird叔叔可謂雙喜臨門ㄚ 一喜是老婆正身懷六甲 快六個月了 明年二月就升格當爸拔囉! 二喜是被派駐到大陸揚州多年了 此趟旅遊完就可調回台灣和老婆團圓囉! 不過媽麻真是超羨慕這對賢伉儷的 兩人在職場上都個有專精 都領有高薪(馬bird叔叔說他老婆領比他多啦!) 結婚6~7年了 每年都出國旅遊1~2趟吧! 到現在到過的國家可能要數好久才數的出來 他倆可能覺得差不多了 才決定多個小傢伙來熱鬧熱鬧一下 喔! 對囉! 來報到的是個女寶寶~ 套句台南阿媽說的"現在ㄚ萬金不希罕, 千金才好啦!" 恭喜內~~ 待她們用完餐 我們先去餵了袋鼠 然後再去看成百隻的koala 他倆還去抱koala照相 看著阿姨抱著koala疼惜的模樣 呵呵~ 將來應該是個好媽麻喔! 以往馬bird叔叔他們出國都是自助式的 不過因為這次阿姨懷孕 所以才參團 參團好處是食住行都安排好了 不好就是有時間限制 希望下次她們還有機會來七桃 屆時我們再好好地招待並帶她們去特別的所在遊玩一下.......