facebook pixel code
寶寶爬爬搬搬趣味競賽！孩子人生中的第一場賽事！熱烈報名中～

艾莉絲chen

相信/陪伴/視野/勇氣

相信/陪伴/視野/勇氣
艾莉絲chen

他的寶貝

1065貼文
56話題
0關注他

日期

#Tag

  1. 網誌
網誌區塊

Follow Your Dream~

2008年04月25日
公開
20

哇哈哈..媽咪又完成一篇囉... (Follow Your Dream~) I have a friend named Monty Roberts who owns a horse ranch in San Ysidro. He has let me use his house to put on fund-raising events to raise money for youth at risk programs. The last time I was there he introduced me by saing,"I want to tell you why I let Jack use my house. It all goes back to a story about a young man who was the son of an itinerant horse trainer who would go from stable to stable, race track to race track, farm to farm and ranch to ranch,training horses. As a result, the boy's high school career was continually interrupted. When he was a senior, he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up. "That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote about his dream in great detail and he even drew a diagram of a 200-arce ranch, showing the location of all the buildings, the stables and the track. Then he drew a detailed floor plan for a 400-square-foot horse that would sit on the 200-acre dream ranch. "He put a great deal of his heart into the project and the next day he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later he received his paper back. On the front page a large red F with a note that read,"See me after class." "The boy with the dream went to see the teacher after class and saked,"Why did I receive an F?" "The teacher said'This is an unrealistic dream for a young boy like you. You have no money. You come from an itinerant family. You have no resources. Owning a horse ranch requires a lot of money. You have to buy a land. You have to pay for the original breeding stock and later you'll have to pay large stud fees. There's no way you could ever do it.' Then the teacher added,'If you will rewrite this paper with a more realistic goal, I will reconsider your grade.' "The boy went home and thought about it long and hard. He asked his father what he should do. His father said,'look, son, you have to make up your own mind on this. However, I think it is a very important decision for you.' "Finally, after sitting with it for a week, the boy turned in the same paper, making no changes at all. He stated,'You can keep the F and I'll keep my dream.'" Monty then turned to the assembled group and said,"I tell you this story because you are sitting in my 4000-square-foot house in the middle of my 200-acre horse ranch. I still have that school paper framed over the fireplace." He added,"The best part of the story is that two summers ago tha same school-teacher brought 30 kids to camp out on my ranch for a week."............. (摘自Chicken Soup for the Soul)

Encouragement~

2008年04月24日
公開
14

今天看了這篇小短文 順便去Yahoo搜尋了一下這文中提及的文學家是何許人也~ 原來是 美國小說家霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne) 生於一八○四年，於一八六四年去世，享年六十歲。霍桑的父親死於海外，他四歲時就成了孤兒。幼年時的霍桑受教於毋親．長大後養成了熱愛讀書的習慣，大學畢業後他開始從事寫作。他極富於想像力，文章風格偏重於教誨，但他自己並不以道德家自居；他的文字和語法偏重於保守、嚴正與冷靜的推理，但其在修辭方面並不陳腐。霍桑寫作技巧著重於人物心理和精神方面的描寫。 Encouragement Some of the greatest success stories of history have followed a word of encouragement or an act of confiednce by a loved one or a trusting friend. Had it not been for a confident wife, Sophia, we might not have listed among the great names of literature the name of Nathaniel Hawthorne. When Nathaniel, a heartbroken man, went home to tell his wife that he was a failure and had been fired from his job in a customhouse, she surprised him with an exclamation of joy. "Now", she said triumphantly,"you can write your book! "Yes", replied the man, with sagging confidence,"and what shall we live on while I am writing it?" To his amazement, she opened a drawer and pulled out a substantial amount of money. "Where on earth did you get that?" he exclamed."I have always know you were a man of genius," she told him."I knew that someday you would write a masterpiece. So every week, out of the money yougave me for housekeeping, I saved a little bit. So here is enough to last us for one whole year." From her trust and confidence came one of the greatest novels of American literature, "The Scarlet Letter." (摘自Chicken Soup for the Soul)

Try something different~

2008年04月21日
公開
38

晚上來看點書順便練習英打吧~ 看不懂的地方就請老姊翻譯囉. 希望會有所收穫... When we first read the following story, we had just begun teaching a course called "The Million Dollar Forum," a course designed to teach people to accelerate their income up to levels of a million dollars a year or more. Early on we discovered people get locked into a rut of trying harder without trying smarter. Trying harder doesn't always work. Sometimes we need to do something radically different to achieve greater levels of success. We need to break out of our paradigm prisons, our habit patterns and our comfort zones. I'm sittng in a quite room at the Milcroft Inn, a peaceful little place hidden back among the pine trees about an hour out of Toronto. It's just past noon, late July, and I'm listening to the desperate sounds of a life-or-death struggle going on a few feet away. There's a small fly burning out the last of its short life's energies in a futile attempt to fly through the glass of the windowpane. The whining wings tell the poignant story of the fly,s strategy: Try harder. But it,s no working. The frenzied effort offers no hope for survival. Ironically, the struggle is part of the trap. It is impossible for the fly to try hard enough to succed at breaking through the glass. Nevertheless, this little insect has staked its life on reaching its gole through raw effort and determination. This fly is doomed. It will die there on the windowsill. Across the room, ten steps away, the door is open. Ten seconds of flying time and this small creature coule reach the outside word it seeks. With only a fraction of the effort now being wasted, it could be free of this self-imposed trap. The breakthrough possibility is there. it would be so easy. Why doesn't the fly try another approach, something dramatically different? How did it get so locked in on the idea that this particular route and determined effort offer the most promise for success? What logic is there in continuing until death to seek a breakthrough with more of the same? No doubt this approach makes sense to the fly. Regrettably, it's an idea that will kill. Trying harder isn't necessarily the solution to achieving more. It may not offer any real promise for getting what you want out of life. Sometimes, in fact, it's a big part of the problem. If you stake your hopes for a breakthrough on trying harder than ever, you may kill your chance for success. (摘自Chicken Soup for the Soul)

轉載~「Tell me about your picture」....

2008年04月02日
公開
9

客廳幼兒園：不要問畫畫中的孩子「你在畫什麼？」 宋嘉行（德州大學奧斯汀分校課程與教育研究所博士生） 孩子到了3、4歲的年紀，漸漸開始懂得用各種象徵形式與符號來表徵這個世界，其中一個方式是繪畫。當孩子畫畫時，不知您有沒有留意到自己對他說話的內容呢？ 成人的介入 當我在學校附屬的幼稚園實習時，有一件這方面的「小事」讓我記憶深刻。 有一天，我看到3歲多快4歲的Nathan正在用色筆畫畫，很自然地就順口問他一個幾乎每個旁觀者都會問創作者的問題：「嘿！你在畫什麼？」結果得到的是小畫家無言的回應。為了打破這沈默的尷尬，我接著問他「要不要看看我畫的？」然後我就去拿了一些紙和畫筆，秀給他看一些我畫的東西。 沒想到，我的一舉一動都被班上的Fati老師看在眼裡。她趕快跑過來阻止我，叫我不要幫他們畫畫，因為他們會模仿我的畫法。讓孩子可以自由自在表達自己是最重要的，成人好意的示範往往是造成孩子失去創造力及否定自我的原因之一。聽完她的理由，我有點愣住。有這麼嚴重嗎？成人的「介入」真的都是壞事嗎？將孩子的世界與成人的世界劃分得這樣清楚，一定對嗎？還有，孩子難道沒有判斷力？在這種情況下，他一定會模仿大人，然後告訴自己：「我是笨蛋？」這裡其實涉及到我們如何看待成人與兒童這兩種本質的假設，也牽涉到成人與兒童間關係本質的假設，本來就各有立場、公婆都有理，不容易爭辯出結論，我也就不多說什麼。 成人的問題 經驗老到的她，接著指出我在與Nathan互動時所犯的第二個錯。她說，當我們在看孩子畫畫時，要避免問「What are you drawing?」這樣的問題。因為這對他們來講有時是個很難回答的問題，3、4歲的孩子不見得時時刻刻都知道自己在做的每件事「是什麼」。更何況畫畫這種偏向抽象與藝術創造方面的活動，她們更不容易確定她們在畫什麼，或一定要畫什麼。換言之，「是什麼」、「畫什麼」、「做什麼」……等這種種指涉行為目標內容的問題，是屬於成人式的問題。孩子的世界往往是重視過程更甚於目的的。先設想好一個目標、然後按部就班去達成，是成人（科學）世界的理性邏輯。孩子隨性之所致的天馬行空，當然對不上成人的思維方式，也就不會給我想要的答案。因此，問小朋友這樣的問題，很容易造成溝通的無效與中止。 而且，問這種問題還有另一個缺點，就是很容易將答案侷限在固定的一對一（也就是一個符號指稱一個被指）答案模式。這種問題不容易引發有彈性的對話。比如他一定要回答：「這是……」。假設他回答：「這是蝴蝶」，或「我在畫蝴蝶」，觀者很自然地就會在心中將他畫的蝴蝶與真實世界的做對比，而這一比就很容易做出一種以真實世界的蝴蝶為「標準答案」的評論，特別是相像與否的評論。而以孩子有限的技巧，當然獲得「好像不太像喔」這樣的評論。這樣一來，就很容易就結束對話，因為一方面孩子被否定了，一方面以她有限的思考與辭彙，她也不知該如何辯駁。即便畫得很好、很像，妳相反地給她讚美，通常小孩也不會對妳的讚美做出太多回應。溝通還是很有限。 「談談妳的畫」 那麼，該怎麼樣引導繪畫中的孩子多說一點話呢？Fati老師告訴我，「談談妳的畫」（「Tell me about your picture」）是一句很有用的開場白。聽到大人問這樣的問題，孩子多半會比較願意與妳談。此外，我們還可以試著對孩子畫中的形狀、線條、顏色等做出鑑賞。例如，「你的畫裡有好多又紅又大的圓圈圈喔」，或者「你用了好多藍色呀……」再者，多使用「妳認為……」、「妳想……」或「妳覺得……」這樣的句子。用這樣的提問法，通常預設並暗示「你一定有東西要說」或「這作品一定有什麼故事性（story）」的立場。即便孩子原本作畫時根本沒想這麼多，卻會因為受到問題裡的暗示，而自然引發思考與回答。而這回答當然就包涵各種千奇百怪的可能性了。 如果，當妳不能避免一定要問她她在畫什麼時，也不要直接問「這是什麼？」，而可以試著拐個彎，加一個「認為」在問題裡，變成「你認為這是什麼？」這樣的問句，在心理上會拉開孩子與作品的距離，幫助她退後一步，站在高一階的視野去審視自己的畫，讓她從創作者主觀的角度換成觀賞者客觀的角度，這樣轉換心理視角的小暗示，對孩子的思考和語言來說是較具難度的訓練，能幫助她抽象概念的發展。 申論題的對談方式 孩子的認知能力發展，在3、4歲時已經略具成人式的常民思考的雛形，這段時間是抽象思考與豐富心靈世界將大幅進步的開始。然而，她們知道的遠比她們所能表達的多。因此，與她們對談時，多使用「認為」（think）、「想像」（imagine）、「相信」（believe）等指涉內在心理狀態的字眼，也能促使她認知到自己複雜的內在世界，更有受大人尊重的感覺。將這些容易引起對談的小技巧用畢後，最後才是記得要去讚美孩子的創作：「太棒了」、「妳畫得很好」、「我很喜歡」等等，然後結束交談，讓她繼續自由發揮。這一切其實說穿了很簡單，就是多用申論題的方式去與孩子說話，而不是用簡答題，甚至是非題的方式，扼殺孩子練習表達的機會。 我這才進一步了解，Fati老師並不是不願意與孩子互動，而是希望我們大人在與孩子說話時，能時時刻刻注意到自己的言行，提醒自己對孩子具有的無形影響力和權力。在沒有標準答案與正確答案的藝術活動上，成人更要謹記，用對等的立場，理解孩子獨特的思惟方式，用有效的溝通方式去引出（elicit）孩子活潑豐富的言語和思考，這才是幫助孩子發展的真諦。至於，將孩子的畫與真實世界做「比較」，或者將孩子的畫與老師的畫做「比較」，然後讓她向真實世界趨同，向大人老師看齊，除了只能讓她增進「繪畫技巧」之外，並無助於人格與心靈的全面發展。 在天馬行空的想像國度裡，問「這是什麼？」、「那是什麼？」或「妳在畫什麼？」其實是很煞風景的一件事，讓人完全沈浸不到創作的樂趣裡頭去。管她畫的是什麼東西呢？孩子有沒有因此得到樂趣、有沒有學到抒發情志，好像是更值得我們關心的問題。