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shin mami

我們都在朝著愛與理解中前進，幸福是必然的!

我們都在朝著愛與理解中前進，幸福是必然的!
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2010年08月09日
公開
11

Your 15-month-old's language and cognitive development: Speaking volumes

小馨是late talker嗎？ New this month: Speaking volumes By 15 months, the majority (about 75 percent) of children have a vocabulary that consists of "Mama" and "Dada" plus at least three other words, usually nouns, such as "cookie," "ball," and "dog." "More," and of course the all-time toddler favorite, "No!" are also common early words. A typical 15-month-old can also follow simple commands, such as "Bring me your shoes," or "Put the book down." She also understands the meanings of phrases such as "No," "Come here," "Show me," and "Look." What you can do One of the best ways you can encourage your chatterbox to keep on talking is to listen. Even if you don't understand all of what she's saying or asking, make eye contact when she's trying to communicate with you, and acknowledge or respond to her comments and questions whenever possible, which will motivate her to keep on trying. If your child is taking her time learning to talk, spend a lot of time together reading. Even looking at picture books and pointing out familiar objects will help her store the information for future use. Try to avoid using baby talk, since it can be confusing. If your little one says "goggy" rather than doggy, simply say, "Yes, that's a doggy," rather than repeating her version of the word. Up until now your child may have had difficulty sitting still to look at books, unless it was just before bedtime. But starting at about 15 months, children become interested in looking at picture books, either with Mom or Dad or alone. You may see your toddler pat the pictures in books, and books with different textures, like the classic Pat the Bunny, are often favorites at this age. And your toddler doesn't have to be sitting in your lap to enjoy a story; you can read to her while she's playing on the floor, too. Your toddler now 果然沒錯！小馨最喜歡電話筒、拿爸爸口袋裡的筆、喜歡到媽媽梳妝台摸東摸西，她的小手忙個不停！只能像下面文字說的，拿一些塑膠類或沒有危險性的東西讓她把玩。 Keeping small hands busy Keys, pencils, lipstick, phones: All may be fascinating to your toddler. These objects are fun to look at and manipulate, and when your toddler sees you using them, he wants to do the same. The problem is, you might not want him demolishing your lipstick! (And many of these items, including lipstick, can be toxic or pose a choking hazard.) Your challenge is to find things he can safely use to satisfy his need to mimic – like a set of plastic keys, an old purse of yours with a hairbrush and comb, a cheap wallet. There are plenty of other ways to keep your toddler's hands occupied for more than a minute or two. For example, fill a laundry basket with safe odds and ends, such as plastic containers and lids, scarves, hats, and wooden spoons and other big utensils. He'll love getting his hands on objects that look like they have a purpose and trying to figure out how to use them.

2010年07月30日
公開
45

Your 15-month-old: Week 2

Whining and screaming: If your 15-month-old has started sounding like a hyena or worse, you're experiencing his intense desire to interact with you. Children thrive on their parents' attention, and a toddler this age will do just about anything to get yours. When he gets loud or whiny, kneel down to your child's level and tell him you're listening. If he keeps it up, calmly say, "I can't understand you when you talk like that. Please use your normal voice and I'll be happy to listen to what you're saying." Eventually, he'll get the message. Your toddler now Power struggles Where there's a will, there's a won't. And your toddler is discovering that will, big time. The generally agreeable nature of a 12-month-old can morph overnight into something more exhausting. "No" will soon become one of her favorite words. Rigid, contrarian behavior shows that your child is beginning to understand a huge concept: She's a separate person from you. (It's the seeds of the you-are-not-the-boss-of-me syndrome.) Power struggles at this age are likely to be over things like diaper changes, toothbrushing, and getting into the stroller or car seat. Your best bet is to sidestep power struggles when you can. Let things go if they don't really matter (say, changing a shirt that has gotten dirty). Save your energy and follow-through for the big stuff (no hitting, for example). 15個月的小馨不會尖叫，但很會「講話」，聲音大到讓大人無法講話，好像要我們一直注意她。 現在她已經很會下床，似乎所有地方有困不住她，除非把門關起來，實在愈來愈皮了！ New this month: Pay attention to meeeee! Whirlwind. It's a word that aptly describes a typical 15-month-old, and life with a toddler this age is never dull. His attention is equally divided between his toys and you. Children thrive on their parents' attention, and if you happen to leave the area where he's playing, he'll come looking for you within a few minutes because he wants to know that you're paying attention to him. "See! See!" is probably a common refrain in your house as your child tries to balance his drive to be more independent with his need to know he can depend on you. Until now, your toddler has been preoccupied with checking out his surroundings and the objects in his world. Now he's just as curious about the effects of his behavior on other people, and his connection with you is vital to his confidence. During this period of social exploration you may see him trying to get your attention anyway he can. He'll shout, imitate gestures he sees you and other adults making, pinch, poke, shove, whine, and cry, all in an attempt to see how you react, and what it takes for him to get what he wants. He will quickly realize that various behaviors get different results from the adults who surround him. He may learn that he gets what he wants faster if he laughs instead of whines. Or that whining will get him what he wants from his grandfather, but not from his mom or dad. This experimentation is all part of socialization, and if you are consistent with enforcing limits, he'll soon learn which behaviors are acceptable and which aren't.

2010年07月22日
公開
35

小馨滿十五個月Your 15-month-old: Week 1

最近的生活都在吃藥! 從德國回來後就為了鼻竇炎及中耳炎所苦，雖然醫生說中耳炎狀況已經好多了，但鼻腔內仍有鼻水，背後也可摸到修修的聲音，一直吃藥，真的很可憐。 不過也愈來愈懂事，會用指頭比五官在哪裡，愈來愈能理解大人說的話，不過很好動，在家裡趴趴走，一刻都停不下來。 現在在家中還是維持早上、下午睡覺的習慣，我們也只能趁這段時間做自己的事。 Doing errands around town is harder than ever with a pint-size explorer in tow. Being strapped down in a car seat or stroller is the last place your toddler wants to be: Expect an earful — usually accompanied by an arched back and flailing arms and legs — when it's time to buckle up. This is partly because about 90 percent of all toddlers are walking by now (late walkers will catch up in the next month or two), which means they'd much rather be practicing their footwork than sitting still. How your toddler's growing: Your baby is growing up fast these days, walking, talking a little, and probably even using a spoon or fork when she eats. Every game she plays, whether it's pointing to different body parts when you ask her to or putting objects into containers and taking them out again, teaches her about the world around her. One of the things she's learning is that she's an autonomous entity, not just an extension of you. How can you tell if your child has grasped this concept? Watch her in front of a mirror; if she recognizes herself and isn't trying to reach out and touch the "other" baby, she gets it. Your toddler now Getting into books Your child may love books … pulling them off the shelf, gnawing on them, stacking them, or flipping through them. Or he may actually sit calmly and happily with you and look at the pictures. While some kids can sit still at this age, others can't, so don't give up hope if your toddler is too wiggly to settle in for a reading session. Be persistent. Keep introducing your child to books and eventually he'll love sitting and listening to stories. In the long run, reading is likely to be one of the most rewarding activities the two of you share. Reading aloud to kids expands their vocabulary and lets them experience the joy of telling and hearing stories. It teaches them how the world around them works and helps them develop a love of learning. Board books are perfect because the pages are sturdy and easy for small hands to turn. Choose picture books with big, bright, clear images, and ask questions as you read: Can you find the dog? What does the dog say? Where is the mommy? If your child seems to be losing interest in one book, pick up a different book, perhaps one with a catchy rhyme, such as something by Dr. Seuss or Five Little Monkeys Jumping on the Bed. Let him help you turn the pages. If your child doesn't want to look at books right now, try again another time. Bedtime or before a nap, when he's already wound down and ready to cuddle, is ideal. It's no coincidence that so many great kids' books – like Goodnight Moon – end with the main character fast asleep. Toddlers often want to hear the same story again and again. Repetition helps them learn the words, and familiarity with the story – "Aha! I knew that would happen!" ­– is reassuring.

2010年07月14日
公開
15

When will my toddler stop needing a nap?

When will my toddler stop needing a nap? When is it okay for my toddler to stop napping? And what should I do if she wants to stop before I want her to? Expert Answers Judith Owens, pediatric sleep expert Most children under the age of 1 take two naps a day — usually one in the morning and another in the afternoon. By 18 months, most have given up the morning nap but still need an afternoon snooze to make it through dinner without a meltdown. Even when you've kissed the morning nap goodbye, your toddler's likely to continue needing her afternoon nap for quite some time. At age 4, more than 50 percent of children are still taking naps. And even though the majority of children (about 70 percent) stop napping at 5 years, 3 in 10 still need a nap at this age. That said, every child is different. Much depends on how many hours your toddler sleeps at night. Toddlers need approximately 12 to 14 hours of sleep in each 24-hour period. So if, for example, your child goes to bed at 8 p.m. and doesn't get up until 8 a.m., she may get her full quota of rest all at once, giving her no reason to need a nap. But if she doesn't get 12 hours at night, then ideally she should get some zzz's during the day. Total sleep isn't the only factor affecting naps, though. Younger children tend to have a stronger "sleep drive." This means they have a stronger urge to break up their waking hours with some sleep — in other words, they can't stay awake for long stretches as easily as older children and adults. But so much for the theory. Now that your toddler's growing older, you'll most likely have a tougher time getting her down for a nap. Toddlers are so intent on discovering the world around them that they hate to miss out on anything, even if they're exhausted. Here are some tips for hanging on to that blessed afternoon nap for as long as you can: * If your toddler's at home, put her down for her nap in the same place where she sleeps at night. Because she already associates that spot with sleep, she's more likely to doze. * If she goes to daycare or preschool and naps there, keep your home routine consistent with theirs. Tuck her in with the same stuffed animal or lovey she usually sleeps with at school. * Figure out when your child gets sleepy in the afternoon (even if she denies it). Is it right after lunch, or an hour later? Just like adults, children have natural circadian rhythms, or sleep rhythms — watch for signs that your toddler's naturally drowsy. Build a nap routine around this time of day, working backward from when you first see her yawn or rub her eyes. * If your child gives up her naps altogether before she's 4 years old, at least offer her some quiet time every day. Tell her that children rest after lunch so they'll have enough energy to play later on. Let her take some toys and books to bed with her, then dim the lights or draw the curtains and leave the room. Although she won't feel as well rested as she would had she slept, spending an hour or two not involved in active play will definitely do her some good.

2010年07月09日
公開
33

Disturbing Habits

Head banging 早上起床看到小馨又在打頭，爸爸跟她說不要打，可是她愈打，看了真不舒服，雖然知道這是正常現象，但還是忍不住擔心。 Why does my toddler purposely bang his head? Head banging is surprisingly common. Up to 20 percent of babies and toddlers bang their head on purpose, although boys are three times more likely to do it than girls. Head banging often starts in the second half of the first year and peaks between 18 and 24 months of age. Your child's head banging habit may last for several months, or even years, though most children outgrow it by age 3. Possible reasons your toddler may bang his head: • Self-comfort. As strange as it may sound, most toddlers who indulge in this behavior do it to relax. They bang their head rhythmically as they're falling asleep, when they wake up in the middle of the night, or even while they're sleeping. Some rock on all fours as well. Developmental experts believe that the rhythmic motion, like rocking in a chair, may help your toddler soothe himself. • Pain relief. Your toddler may also bang his head if he's in pain — from teething or an ear infection, for example. Head banging seems to help kids feel better, perhaps by distracting them from the discomfort in their mouth or ear. • Frustration. If your toddler bangs his head during temper tantrums, he's probably trying to vent some strong emotions. He hasn't yet learned to express his feelings adequately through words, so he's using physical actions. And again, he may be comforting himself during this very stressful event. • A need for attention. Ongoing head banging may also be a way for your toddler to get attention. Understandably, you may tend to become solicitous when you see your child doing something that appears self-destructive. And since he likes it when you fuss over his behavior, he may continue the head banging in order to get the attention he wants. • A developmental problem. Head banging can be associated with autism and other developmental disorders — but in most of these cases, it's just one of many behavioral red flags. Rarely does head banging alone signal a serious problem. Thumb-sucking 也許因為小馨喝母奶的關係，她不喜歡奶嘴，也不會吸自己手指頭，也許小馨藉由吸媽咪的ㄋㄟㄋㄟ獲得了滿足感。梓熏就比較讓人擔心了，已經四歲了還無法完全戒除吸手手的習慣，唉∼ Why it happens Toddlers suck their thumbs because it's comforting and calming. Your toddler probably practiced this habit while he was still in the womb and perfected it as an infant. Now he may turn to his thumb when he's tired, scared, bored, sick, or trying to adjust to challenges such as starting preschool or going on a long car ride. He may also use his thumb to fall asleep at bedtime and to lull himself back to sleep when he wakes up in the middle of the night. What to do about it Don't worry. The American Dental Association says most children can safely suck their thumb — without damaging the alignment of their teeth or jaws — until their permanent teeth begin to appear. (Permanent teeth don't usually erupt until around age 6.) Also, not all children's thumb-sucking is equally damaging. Experts say it's the intensity of the sucking and the tongue's thrust that deforms teeth and makes braces necessary later. Children who rest their thumb passively in their mouth are less likely to have difficulty than children who suck aggressively. Watch your child and analyze his technique. If he sucks vigorously, you may want to begin curbing his habit earlier, say at age 4. If your child's thumb becomes red and chapped from sucking, you can try applying a moisturizing ointment, cream, or lotion while he's sleeping. (If you apply it while he's awake, it may just end up in his mouth.). Let it go. Nagging or punishing your child won't help, because he doesn't usually realize when he's sucking away. Besides, pressuring him to stop may intensify his desire to do it even more. And techniques such as putting an elastic bandage on his thumb will seem like unjust punishment, especially since he indulges in the habit for comfort and security. Try to wait it out. Children usually give up thumb-sucking when they've found other ways to calm and comfort themselves, says pediatrician Suzanne Dixon. For example, while a toddler who's hungry may suck his thumb, an older child (age 3 or 4) might simply open the refrigerator and look for something to eat or ask his parents for a snack instead. Preempt the thumb-sucking with other activities. If you can identify times and places when your child is particularly likely to suck his thumb — while watching television, for example — you might try giving him a substitute, such as a rubber ball to bounce or puppets to play with. If he tends to suck his thumb when he's tired, work more naps into his schedule. Or if he turns to it when he's frustrated, help him put his feelings into words. The key is to notice when and where sucking occurs, and divert his attention by offering an alternative.

2010年07月07日
公開
25

Your 14-month-old's language and cognitive development: Say it again ... and aga

New this month: Say it again ... and again At 14 months, your toddler understands many more words than she can say. Her spoken vocabulary likely consists of about three to five words, typically "Mama," "Dada," and one other simple word such as "ball" or "dog," but she learns the meanings of new words every day. As she starts to add words to her vocabulary, you'll notice that she looks for opportunities to practice them. Once she can say "dog," for instance, she'll look for dogs everywhere — in books, outside, on videos — just so she can point and say the word over and over again. What you can do Rhymes, jingles, and silly songs are big hits with toddlers. If your 14-month-old is already speaking several words, encourage her willingness to repeat after you by singing silly or repetitive songs, such as "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star." As she becomes familiar with the refrains she'll chime in one word at a time and before you know it she'll be singing the whole song right along with you. 就像許多剛學說話的小孩一樣，小馨也是從認識狗狗開始，這次到德國，還教她認識了鴿子獅子等動物，一旦看到她認識的動物，就會眼睛為之一亮，頓時精神都來了，拼命地指著那些小動物，頓時我們也覺得她長大了不少。 If your 14-month-old isn't speaking many words at this point, you can help her with the other two elements of language acquisition. When talking to your child, vary your tone, facial expressions, and hand gestures, all of which will help her understand the meanings of your words. Maintain eye contact when you talk to her so she learns to listen to you. And don't rush her when she is trying to use words — listen patiently and look her in the eye. Other developments: Communicating with gestures, hide-and-seek fun Now that your toddler can indicate her needs with actions and some words, expect her to use "tools" to help her communicate. She'll bring you her jacket to let you know she wants to go outside. Or she'll point to a CD that she would like to hear. She is trying hard to make you understand what she wants. And you can expect her to repeat many words she hears even though she doesn't know their meaning (so starting now you need to watch what you say, lest your little parrot repeat any swear words!). Her ability to remember people, places, and events gets stronger every day. This month she may even be able to respond to two-part requests, such as to go to her room and fetch her shoes or a toy, or retrieve a lost pacifier. Hide-and-seek is still very entertaining, especially if your 14-month-old gets to do the seeking. Here's a variation that's sure to evoke lots of laughter: Show your toddler a toy and then stash it in your pocket and ask her where it went. She has the cognitive power to realize that just because the toy is out of sight doesn't mean it's gone. She'll giggle as she searches your pocket, purse, or backpack to see where you've hidden the toy. You can also hide little toys in her own pockets and see how much fun she has trying to get them out.

2010年07月05日
公開
15

Your 14-month-old's social and emotional development: Going it alone

完全同意下面文章所寫的，一歲多的小孩喜歡和大人玩，比較沒興趣和小孩玩，不過每當我們說看看外面的小朋友，她總會把頭轉過去看小朋友，但也僅止於此。 New this month: Going it alone Observe a group of 14-month-olds at the park and you'll note that they're basically loners. Socializing isn't really toddlers' thing, and at this age your child is unlikely to do anything more than engage in parallel play, during which he and his companions play side by side but don't interact — unless it's to grab whatever object another child is playing with. While this may be frustrating for you, it's completely normal behavior. At this age your child doesn't think of his playmates as friends, or even people; they're objects. Since a 14-month-old is very much the center of his own universe, he thinks other children can be pushed, pulled, and poked the way a toy can. The only thing that really matters — to him — is what he wants. It's not selfishness — it's just the way everyone sees the world at this age. What you can do If your child doesn't interact very often with other children, either siblings or friends, this may be a good time to join a playgroup, or sign up for a fun activity such as a tumbling or music class. Exposing your toddler to a variety of social situations will help him become more comfortable interacting with others as he approaches preschool age. The next time you go to a playground, look for places that your toddler can interact with other children. Here the "toys" belong to everyone, so taking turns is a must. Yes, toddlers may bicker over who gets to go down the slide first or who gets the first turn on the swing, but they'll quickly realize that there's plenty of fun to go around. Or, if you have a friend with a child who's about the same age as yours, you might put the kids into a bathtub or crib together (supervised, of course). In no time, they'll see how much fun it can be to play together.

2010年06月21日
公開
14

Packing checklist for traveling with a toddler

打包行李的確是件不容易的事，光看列出來的物品，就好像將整個家搬著走一樣！ Remember all the stuff you carried around when your child was an infant? Double or triple that load. Now you're approaching the amount of toys, snacks, clothes, and gear you'll need to keep your toddler comfortable and entertained. Here's a checklist of things you'll need on the road, plus tips for easy, efficient packing. Diapers Bring extras in case of emergencies or delays Wipes Pad to put under your toddler during diaper changes You can buy disposable changing pads at supermarkets or reusable ones at baby stores Blanket(s) Bring a few for comfort, shade, and warmth Plastic bags Carry a variety of sizes for storing soiled diapers, clothes, and shoes Small bottles of disinfecting hand gel and toiletries Tissues Toys and books Your child's favorites, plus several new toys for surprises along the way. Bring sturdy toys that don't have easy-to-lose parts Your child's lovey Clothes, socks, and shoes One to two outfits per day is a good guideline. Denim and dark colors are good for hiding dirt and stains. Prepare for weather changes by dressing in layers. Bathing suit Lightweight and easy to pack, and you never know when it will come in handy Washable bibs Sun hat and sunscreen Sippy cups, canteens, or bottles Encourage your toddler to drink plenty of liquids to avoid dehydration, especially when flying Lightweight plastic feeding set with utensils Portable highchair to use at your destination Snack food Don't forget high-energy snacks for yourself, too! Nightlight (If your toddler uses one) First-aid kit Pain reliever and supplies for treating minor injuries Laundry soap For handwashing soiled clothes en route Socket protectors For childproofing rooms at your destination Portable crib or play yard Unless your toddler sleeps with you, or you've arranged for a crib at your destination Car seat for travel by car or plane Collapsible stroller Can be gate-checked or stored in the overhead bin of an airplane Packing Tips Start preparing to pack a few days before you travel. Keep a running list of things to bring, or put items out on a table or dresser as you think of them. Use a diaper bag with a waterproof lining and a shoulder strap. Pack an extra shirt for yourself in your carry-on bag — just in case. Prevent leaks by packing medicines and toiletries in re-sealable plastic bags. Keep your child's outfits together in one suitcase so you can find them easily. Take your camera — and don't forget the battery charger if it's digital, or plenty of film if not. Bring a clip-on reading light so you can read at night without disturbing your child